Proper Care for Apple Trees

by Cate Rushton

Overview

Apple trees are a wonderful addition to any yard. The cool shade, fragrant blossoms and sweet, delicious fruit they provide are enjoyable, but these benefits don't come without a little work. Apple trees require care and attention. Pests and disease affect apple production and quality, and can be fatal to the tree. Maintenance is not complicated: with proper pruning, fertilization and pest control, your apple tree will be healthy and beautiful.

Apple Tree
Pruning

Specific pruning techniques depend on the type and size of the apple tree. Basic pruning techniques can be altered to fit each specific tree. Prune your tree annually, while its dormant. The months of February to April are best. The purpose of pruning is to control overall growth while not overburdening branches. Excessive pruning is counterproductive: New growth consumes much of the tree's water and energy and the tree produces less fruit. Remove broken or dead branches and water sprouts and thin the tree as necessary. Refer to your local horticulture office for specific pruning techniques and advice for your area.

Fertilizing

Fertilize every spring for maximum productivity, while the tree is still dormant. Your tree should grow 6 to 12 inches per year. If it has grown more rapidly, cut back fertilization. You will need 1/2 lb. of fertilizer for every inch of trunk diameter. Spread fertilizer evenly on the soil under the tree, extending from the trunk to the outer perimeter of the branches. When fertilizing the lawn underneath the tree, cut back on the amount of fertilizer and follow manufacturer's recommendations to ensure that the lawn fertilizer does not damage the tree.
Insects, Disease and Pests

Unchecked, insects and disease can ruin an apple crop and damage or even kill your apple tree. Check manufacturer's recommendations for insecticides and fungicides for a spraying program that works best for your area. Mice can damage your tree by eating the bark during the winter. You can purchase mouse guards that wrap around the bottom of the trunk to discourage rodent activity. Or, use wire mesh that extends 18 inches up the trunk. Sink the guard into the ground a few inches. Discourage mice by keeping long grass and weeds away and by picking up apples soon after they fall.
Thinning

Though a hardy crop may be desirable, too many apples will cause the tree to produce fruit only every other year. Thin the fruit so that there is about 6 inches between apples. Thinning is only necessary on branches with heavy fruit production and may not need to be done every year.