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Introduction to Diodes
by Darin McGilvra
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Overview
A diode is a type of electrical component.
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A diode is a component in electronics that has two terminals made of semiconductors. It is designed to allow electrical current to flow in just one direction and is often compared to a valve used in water pipes.
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Semiconductors
Semiconductors are materials that conduct electrical current, but they allow less current than a good conductor, such as metal.
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Two Terminals
The two terminals in a diode are made up of different semiconductors. One terminal is much easier for electrons in the electrical current to move through than the other one. This makes it much easier for the electrons to travel in one direction than the other.
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Electrical Conversion
One of the main uses for diodes is to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). The alternating current is continuously changing directions. Since the diode prevents current flow in one direction, the current can only flow in the other direction, which is direct current.
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Maximum Reverse Voltage
The maximum reverse voltage is the maximum voltage that a diode can handle. If this is exceeded, the diode fails and allows a large current to go in the wrong direction, which is called a breakdown.
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Types
The two most common types of diodes are signal diodes, which pass small currents, and rectifier diodes, which pass large currents. There also are light emitting diodes (LEDs) and zener diodes, which are designed to maintain a fixed amount of voltage.
