What Are the Different Steps of a Common Cold?

by Juliana Robertson

Overview

Viruses that cause colds are spread through interaction with contaminated people or objects. Colds commonly affect the upper respiratory system. There is no prescribed antibiotic treatment, as colds are viral in nature. There are more than 100 types of viruses responsible for colds. It's important to keep hands washed and sanitized as a preventive measure.
Contamination

Contaminated virus particles enter the nasal cavity and are carried by cilia or nose hairs to the back of the throat. Within 10 to 15 minutes of exposure, viruses attach to skin receptors and trigger internal responses. The immune system begins to release proteins and increase blood cell production to fight the virus. Our bodies increase mucus production to stimulate sneezing and coughing to rid the body of the contaminants.

Duration

You are contagious from one day before symptoms show up, and up to a week later. The virus can begin affecting your nasal and upper respiratory system two hours after initial infection. Other symptoms of cold onset might include a sore or scratchy throat. Discharge from your nose can increase and become thicker after two days. On day three, you may have a headache, slight body aches and a low-grade temperature. You might begin to feel a little more fatigued as the cold begins to run its course. There can also be a dry cough associated with cold symptoms. Coughs caused by cold viruses can last from a few hours to a couple of days. With a mild cold, symptoms typically last two to three days, while severe colds can linger two weeks.
Consideration

Most symptoms of a cold are treatable with over-the-counter medications. Because colds are caused by a virus, symptoms should normally be allowed to run their course. Consult a physician if sore throat symptoms seem to worsen. Seek immediate medical attention if you have a fever of more than 102 degrees, persistent cough, or shallow breathing.

Overview