What is Cross-Country Skiing?

by Kimberly Reid

Overview

Cross-country skiing differs from downhill skiing in the equipment used, the terrain covered and the competitive sports that skiers can participate in. Because cross-country skiing utilizes arm and leg motion at the same time, it's an excellent aerobic activity.
Equipment

Cross-country skis are generally narrower than downhill skis, and the boot bindings attach only at the toes. By not binding the heel to the ski, the skier is better able to climb hills and navigate other backcountry terrain. Cross-country skiers also use ski boots and poles, usually longer than downhill ski poles.

Terrain

Scandinavians invented cross-country skiing centuries ago as a primary means of transportation during the long snowy winter. Therefore, cross-country skis are designed to go just about anywhere, including uphill, downhill, into the mountains or forest, or on a groomed trail. The only limits of where you can go on cross-country skis are your skill and safety of the terrain. A beginner will have a hard time navigating steep downhills on cross-country skis and venturing into the backcountry should always be preceded with checking avalanche conditions.
Styles

There are two styles of cross-country skiing: Nordic and freestyle. Nordic skiers' skis glide in a straight line, the right pole being planted in the snow as the left leg goes forward and vice versa. Freestyle skiers' skis skate outward in a v-pattern.
Sports

Cross-country skiers can ski for recreation or competition. Olympic cross-country skiers compete in both Nordic and freestyle races, and biathlon athletes cross-country ski and shoot targets.
Participants

Cross-country skiing can appeal to people of various ages and physical abilities. Beginners can choose to ski on groomed, level trails and set their own pace. Experienced skiers can challenge themselves with more rugged terrain and a faster pace.

Overview