Bone Density Test Guidelines

by Wanda Lockwood

Overview

Bone Density Test Guidelines

Bone density testing (densitometry) determines if you have bone loss (osteoporosis). Most bone density testing is done with a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan because it has low radiation and identifies early osteoporosis. MedlinePlus and the National Institute of Arthritis & Musculoskeletal Disease provide guidelines for testing.
Age and Gender

You should have a bone density test by age 60 with risk factors and by age 65 if you are female without risk factors or male over 65 with risk factors.

Physical Risk Factors

Risk factors include Caucasian, 65 or older and female, a history of fractures, especially of the vertebrae or hip, chronic disease (asthma, celiac disease, cancer, eating disorders, Crohn's disease, lupus), a small frame with thin bones and underweight.
Environmental/Social Risk Factors

Excess drinking and smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and diet low in calcium and vitamin D increase your risk.
Repeat Testing

Bone repairs slowly, so you may need repeat testing every two to five years, depending on your risk factors and treatment for osteoporosis, such as bisphosphonates.
Normal T-Score

The T-score indicates bone loss. The normal T-score begins at zero (no bone loss) and ranges to -1.0 (10 percent bone loss), requiring no intervention.
T-Score (Below Normal)

A T-score of -2.0 (20 percent bone loss) requires more aggressive treatment (medications) in addition to lifestyle changes (diet high in calcium and vitamin D and exercise).