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Basic Occupational Safety & Health

by Jon Faranda

Overview

There are many federal and state regulations requiring that employers maintain a safe and healthy work environment. Meeting these qualifications, however, does not have to be difficult if you learn a little about basic occupational safety and health and take advantage of free programs offered by state governments and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Industrial Hygiene

The Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) defines industrial hygiene as "the science of anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling workplace conditions that may cause workers' injury or illness." This includes monitoring and evaluating any hazards that might be present in the workplace and taking steps to reduce or eliminate those hazards to ensure the safety of employees as well as residents in the surrounding area.

Hazards

There are several common hazards recognized by OSHA and other safety and health organizations. These can include air contaminants, which react with the air and enter the lungs; chemical hazards entering the body through the lungs, skin or ingestion; biological hazards, which usually result in workers catching viruses or infections; physical hazards, such as radiation and excessive noise or heat; and ergonomic hazards, from workers straining their bodies in excess.
Identification

According to the OSHA website, it is advisable to hire an industry specialist, also known as an industrial hygienist, to help identify hazards and advise you about options to control those hazards. Most state governments will provide employers in traditionally hazardous operations with free industrial safety and health consulting services. You can contact an OSHA representative to find where to get to help in your area.
Controlling Hazards

OSHA outlines three main methods for controlling worker exposure to hazards. Engineering controls attempt to identify chemicals that may be hazardous to workers and replace them with less dangerous alternatives. Work practice controls allow employers to define procedures and regulations that reduce worker exposure to hazards. Administrative controls attempt to schedule workers at times when exposure to hazards will be minimal.
Assistance/Training

Aside from providing free on-site consultation and work site analysis, OSHA has published a guide to Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines. These guidelines outline effective strategies for employers to increase worker safety and health, and reduce on-the-job injuries and illnesses. OSHA offices throughout the country, as well as OSHA's extensive website, can advise you on best practices for safety and health, and direct you to training in those areas.